El síndrome de Moebius: descripción de 8 casos: relación con el uso de misoprostol en el primer trimestre del embarazo / Moebius syndrome: a description of 8 cases and relationship to the use of misoprostol in the first trimester of pregnancy

RESUMEN

Se describen ocho casos de Síndrome de Moebius. Seis pacientes de sexo masculino y dos del sexo femenino. Tres de los casos con SM y micrognatia, dos casos con parálisis facial derecha y micrognatia, un caso con SM, pie bot bilateral y micrognatia, un caso con SM, pie bot bilateral y ventrículomegalia y un caso con SM, pie bot bilateral, luxación congénita de ambas caderas, campodactília de 3° y 4° dedos de las manos y paladar hendido. Dos de los casos están relacionados al uso de misoprostol por la madre en el primer trimestre del embarazo. Comentario: La etiología del SM es generalmente esporádica, aunque hay casos autosómicos dominantes y autosómicos recesivos y han sido descritas familias con translocaciones balanceadas. Se relaciona con eventos que puedan producir una disrupción vascular y aporte insuficiente a estructuras irrigadas por la arteria subclavia primitiva. Han sido descritos numerosos casos de Síndrome de Moebius relacionados con el uso de misoprostol durante el primer trimestre del embarazo.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Moebius syndrome (MS) is caused by paralysis of the sixth and seventh cranial nerves. Various physiopathological causes have been described. It affects men and women in equal numbers. The Moebius sequence is a sign, and the clinical characteristics are not specific, but include a mask-like expression due to bilateral (occasionally unilateral) facial paralysis, micrognathia, and in one third of cases a cleft U shaped palate or bifid uvula. Ptosis, nystagmus, and strabismus may also be present. Unilateral lingual hypoplasia and difficulty in suction or swallowing may also appear. Defects of the extremities such as talipes equinovarus, digital hypoplasia, syndactyly, or more severe reductive defects are observed. Associated conditions seen include hypodontia, Poland syndrome and on occasion Klippel-Feil syndrome. Cardiac or urinary conditions, hypogenitalism and hypogonadism can also exist. Some patients are more broadly compromised, with the 3d, 4th, 5th, 9th, 10th and 12th cranial nerves affected. Mental retardation, autism, and hypoacusis can also be present. Cases Description: We describe eight (8) cases of Moebius syndrome. 6 patients were male and 2 female. In 3 cases MS and micrognathia were present; 2 cases included right-side facial paralysis and micrognathia; 1 case presented MS, bilateral clubfoot and micrognathia; 1 case presented MS, bilateral clubfoot and ventriculomegaly; and 1 case presented MS, bilateral clubfoot, congenital dislocation of both hips, camptodactyly of the 3d and 4th fingers, and cleft palate. Two cases were associated with the use of misoprostol by the mother during the first trimester of pregnancy. Comments: The etiology of MS is generally sporadic, although there are autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive cases, while families with balanced translocations have also been described...