Consumo alimentar, ingestão de cálcio e antropometria de adolescentes de escola municipal e particular do município de Santos, SP / Dietary intake, calcium intake and anthropometry of adolescents of public and private school of Santos, SP

RESUMO

Objetivo: Investigar o consumo alimentar,a ingestão de cálcio e sua relação com o estado nutricional. Método: Estudo transversal com50 adolescentes de escola particular e municipal de Santos, SP. Realizou-se avaliação antropométrica (peso, estatura e circunferência de cintura),do consumo alimentar (Recordatório 24 horas) e do estadiamento puberal (Planilhas de Tanner).Resultados: Dentre os participantes, 52% eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 14,10 (0,66) anos, e 56% eram púberes. Na escola particular, verificou-se maior média de altura e não houve diferença significativa dos demais parâmetrosantropométricos. Identificou-se 28% debaixo peso, 12% de sobrepeso e 2% de obesidade. Quanto ao consumo alimentar, verificou-se média de ingestão de energia de 2025,22 (816,50) kcal/ dia, 57,38 (9,56)% de carboidratos, 15,55 (5,48)% de proteínas e 27,79 (7,76)% de lipídios, com diferenças significativas entre as escolas. Na escola municipal, houve maior prevalência de consumoinsuficiente de carboidratos, em contraposição a maior frequência de consumo de lipídios (p<0,05).A ingestão média de cálcio foi baixa em ambas as escolas, sendo significativamente inferior na escolamunicipal (522,94 ± 299,00 mg vs. 792,00 ± 483,40 mg na escola particular, p=0,002). Observou-serelação positiva da ingestão de cálcio com o peso corporal (r=0,279; p=0,049). Conclusões: Os achados apontam elevada ocorrência de desviosnutricionais, inadequações alimentares, insuficiente ingestão de cálcio e relação da ingestão deste nutriente com o peso corporal, denotando a necessidadede intervenções que envolvam promoção de hábitos saudáveis neste estágio de vida.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the food consumption, the calcium ingestion and its relationship with the nutritional state. Methods: Cross-sectional studywith 50 adolescents from private and public school of Santos, SP, had been evaluated. Anthropometric assessment (weight, height and circumference of waist), of food intake (24-hour dietary recall) and pubertal stage (Tanner stages) was performed. Results: Fromthe participants, 52% were male, with mean age of 14.10 (0.66) year-old and 56% were pubescent. In the private school the height average was bigger, and there was no significant difference in other anthropometric parameters. It was identified 28% of low weight, 12% of overweight and 2% of obesity. As forfood consumption, the mean energy intake of adolescents was 2025.22 (816.50) kcal/day, and 57.38(9.56)% carbohydrates, 15.55 (5.48)% protein and 27.79 (7.76)% of lipids, with significant differencesbetween schools. At municipal school there was higher prevalence of inadequate consumption of carbohydrates as opposed to higher frequency of consumption of fatamong (p<0.05). The average intake of calcium was low in both schools and was significantly lower in themunicipal school (522.94 ± 299.00 mg vs. 792.00 ± 483.40 mg in the private school, p=0.002). There waspositive relationship of calcium intake with body weight (r=0.279, p=0.049). Conclusions: The findings suggest a high occurrence of deviations nutritional,dietary inadequacies, inadequate calcium intake and the relationship of nutrient intake with body weight,indicating the need intervention involving promotion of healthy ways of life in this stage of life.