Parto pretérmino: aspectos socio-demográficos en gestantes del hospital gineco-obstétrico “Enrique C. Sotomayor”, Guayaquil, Ecuador / Preterm delivery: socio-demographic aspects in expectant mothers of the “Enrique C. Sotomayor” ob/gyn hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador

RESUMEN

Objetivo: conocer las características socio-demográficas del parto pretérmino que presentaron las mujeres gestantes del hospital gineco-obstétrico “Enrique C. Sotomayor”. Metodología: se estudiaron mujeres gestantes que presentaron parto pretérmino inducido o espontáneo entre junio y agosto de 2009, en el hospital gineco-obstétrico “Enrique C. Sotomayor”, mediante un estudio descriptivo que enumera las características socio-demográficas más importantes. Resultados: en total se evaluaron 300 gestantes, 260 pacientes de raza mestiza (87%) con edades entre 20 y 30 años (54%). Generalmente con grado de escolaridad menor de 12 años (81%), menos de cinco controles prenatales (49%), fumadoras (51%). Se evaluó estado nutricional: Hb <12mg/dl (57%) e IMC <18.5 (38%). Relación entre nivel de escolaridad y controles prenatales (R2 =0.75), relación Hb y antecedentes de parto prematuro p=0.04 OR=1.77, relación IMC con APP p=0.04. Conclusión: los factores de riesgo encontrados demostraron tener relación con los mencionados en las publicaciones científicas lo que indica la significancia que presentaron las variables descritas. Se evidenció que existe una estrecha relación entre la actitud de las pacientes y el conocimiento que tenían acerca del parto prematuro.

ABSTRACT

Objective: to know the socio-demographic characteristics of preterm delivery among pregnant women of the “Enrique C. Sotomayor” ob/gyn hospital. Methodology: pregnant women who had induced or spontaneous pre-term delivery between June and August 2009 at the “Enrique C. Sotomayor” ob/gyn hospital were evaluated through a descriptive study that lists their most important socio-demographic characteristics. Results: in total, 300 pregnant women were evaluated, with 260 patients of mixed race (87%), aged between 20 and 30 years (54%), generally with an educational level of less than 12 years (81%), with less than five prenatal visits (49%), and smokers (51%). Nutritional status was assessed: Hb <12mg/dl (57%) and BMI <18.5 (38%). Relationship between education level and prenatal care (R2 = 0,75); relationship between Hb and a history of pre-term delivery p=0.04 OR=1.77; relationship between BMI and APP p=0.04. Conclusion: the risk factors found were related to those factors mentioned in the scientific literature, which explains the significance of the relationships with the described variables. It was evident that there was a close relationship between the attitudes of patients and the knowledge that they had about premature birth.