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Characterization of deepwater invertebrates at Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas Seamount, Costa Rica / Caracterización de invertebrados de aguas profundas en el Parque Nacional Isla del Coco y Monte Submarino Las Gemelas, Costa Rica
Starr, Richard M; Cortés, Jorge; Barnes, Cheryl L; Green, Kristen; Breedy, Odalisca.
  • Starr, Richard M; University of California Sea Grant Program and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. US
  • Cortés, Jorge; University of California Sea Grant Program and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. US
  • Barnes, Cheryl L; University of California Sea Grant Program and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. US
  • Green, Kristen; University of California Sea Grant Program and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. US
  • Breedy, Odalisca; University of California Sea Grant Program and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. US
Rev. biol. trop ; 60(supl.3): 303-319, nov. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: lil-672098
ABSTRACT
The deepwater faunas of oceanic islands and seamounts of the Eastern Tropical Pacific are poorly known. From 11-22 September 2009, we conducted an exploration of the deepwater areas around Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas Seamount, located about 50km southwest of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica using a manned submersible to survey the seafloor habitats. The goal of the exploration was to characterize the habitats and biota, and conduct quantitative surveys of the deepwater portions of Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas. We completed a total of 22 successful submersible dives, spanning more than 80hr underwater, and collected a total of 36hr of video. With respect to invertebrates, our objectives were to gather quantitative information on species composition, density, distribution and habitat associations as well as to compare the invertebrate communities between the two sites. A total of 7 172 invertebrates were counted from analysis of the video collected on this project. Larger organisms were counted and placed into 27 taxonomic groups to characterize the deepwater invertebrate fauna of Las Gemelas Seamount and Isla del Coco National Park. The Shannon-Weiner Index for biodiversity (H’) was calculated to be 0.14 ± 0.02 for Isla del Coco and 0.07 ± 0.03 for Las Gemelas surveys. Although richness was fairly equal between the two sites, evenness was greater at Isla del Coco (J = 0.04 ± 0.006) when compared to Las Gemelas (J = 0.02 ± 0.01). This lower level of evenness in the community at Las Gemelas was a result of high densities of a few dominant species groups, specifically sea urchins and black corals. We also evaluated invertebrate percent cover at both Isla del Coco and Las Gemelas Seamount with respect to habitat type, slope and rugosity. Results indicated that highly rugose habitats contained the highest frequencies of all invertebrates at both sites, with the exception of glass sponges and polychaetes at Isla del Coco, which were found in greater quantities at intermediate levels of rugosity. Information obtained from these submersible surveys indicate that seamounts in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean may be an important source of biodiversity and that more quantitative surveys are needed to characterize the fauna of the region.
RESUMEN
La fauna de aguas profundas de islas oceánicas y de montes submarinos del Pacífico Tropical Oriental son muy poco conocidas. Para caracterizar las faunas de aguas profundas del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco y el Monte Submarino Las Gemelas, Costa Rica, llevamos a cabo un estudio cuantitativo de los hábitats y su fauna. Se tomaron videos de transectos desde un sumergible entre 50 y 402m de profundidad del 11 al 22 de setiembre 2009. Se recolectó información cuantitativa de la composición de especies de invertebrados, densidad, distribución y hábitats asociados en ambas localidades y se comparó. Se contaron 7,172 invertebrados en los videos analizados, y se ubicaron en 27 categorías taxonómicas. El Índice de Shannon-Weiner (H’) fue de 0.14 ± 0.02 para la Isla del Coco y 0.07 ± 0.03 para Las Gemelas. La riqueza fue parecida en ambos sitios pero la equitabilidad fue mayor en la Isla del Coco (J = 0.04 ± 0.006) comparado con Las Gemelas (J = 0.02 ± 0.01). Este menor nivel de equitabilidad en Las gemelas de debió a la alta densidad de unos pocos grupos dominantes, específicamente erizos de mar y coral negro. También evaluamos el porcentaje de cobertura de los invertebrados con respecto a tipo de hábitat, pendiente y rugosidad del sustrato. Los resultados indican que hábitats con alta rugosidad contiene más invertebrados en ambos sitios, excepto la esponjas silíceas y los poliquetos en la Isla del Coco, que se encontraron en mayor cantidad en niveles intermedios de rugosidad. La información obtenida con este estudio indican que los montes submarinos en el Pacífico Tropical Oriental pueden ser una fuente importante de biodiversidad y que se necesitan más estudios cuantitativos para caracterizar la fauna de la región.
Assuntos

Texto completo: DisponíveL Índice: LILACS (Américas) Assunto principal: Ilhas do Pacífico / Fauna Marinha / Biodiversidade / Invertebrados Idioma: Inglês Revista: Rev. biol. trop Ano de publicação: 2012 Tipo de documento: Artigo Instituição/País de afiliação: University of California Sea Grant Program and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories/US

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Texto completo: DisponíveL Índice: LILACS (Américas) Assunto principal: Ilhas do Pacífico / Fauna Marinha / Biodiversidade / Invertebrados Idioma: Inglês Revista: Rev. biol. trop Ano de publicação: 2012 Tipo de documento: Artigo Instituição/País de afiliação: University of California Sea Grant Program and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories/US