Predictores de disfunción familiar en adolescentes escolarizados / Predictors of family dysfunction among adolescent students

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Establecer los predictores de disfunción familiar en adolescentes escolarizados de Cartagena, Colombia. Método: Se llevó a cabo una investigación analítica transversal, mediante un muestreo probabilístico por conglomerado de estudiantes de secundaria. Se solicitó la participación de estudiantes de entre 13 y 17 años de edad. Se identificó disfunción familiar con la escala APGAR Familiar. Se ajustaron los predictores mediante regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Aceptaron participar un total de 1730 estudiantes; media para la edad de 14,7 años (DE = 1,2) y 52,7 % mujeres. La escala APGAR mostró un alfa de Cronbach de 0,78. Un grupo de 896 estudiantes (51,8 %) informó disfunción familiar. Fueron predictores de disfunción familiar síntomas depresivos con importancia clínica (OR = 3,61; IC 95 % 2,31-5,63), baja religiosidad (OR = 1,73; IC 95 % 1,41-2,13), familia no nuclear (OR = 1,71; IC 95 % 1,41-2,09), consumo de alguna sustancia en la vida (OR = 1,67; IC 95 % 1,15-2,13), residente en estrato bajo (OR = 1,49; IC95 % 1,19-1,87) y mal rendimiento académico (OR = 1,43; IC 95 % 1,15-1,76). Conclusiones: Síntomas depresivos con importancia clínica, baja religiosidad y familia no nuclear son los principales predictores de disfunción familiar en estudiantes adolescentes de Cartagena, Colombia. Es posible que la asociación sea bidireccional.

ABSTRACT

Object Determination of family dysfunction predictors in adolescent students of Cartagena, Colombia. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical research was conducted by means of a probabilistic sample per conglomerate of high-school students. Participation of students between 13 and 17 years was requested. Family dysfunction was identifed through the family APGAR scale. Predictors were adjusted by binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 1,730 students agreed to participate, mean age was 14.7 years (SD=1.2), and 52.7% were girls. The family APGAR scale showed a Cronbach alpha of 0.78. A group of 896 students (51.8%) reported family dysfunction. Predictors of family dysfunction were clinically significant depressive symptoms (OR=3.61; IC 95% 2.31-5.63), low religiosity (OR=1.73; CI 95% 1.41-2.13), non-nuclear family (OR=1.71, CI 95% 1.71-2.09) (OR=1.73, 95% CI 1.41-2.13), non-nuclear family (OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.41-2.09), consumption of any illegal substance in their lives (OR=1.67, CI 95% 1.15-2.13), residents of depressed neighborhoods (OR = 1.49; CI 95% 1.19-1.87), and poor academic performance (OR=1.43; CI 95% 1.15-1.76). Conclusions: Clinically significant depressive symptoms, low religiosity and non-nuclear family are the main predictors of family dysfunction among adolescent students in Cartagena, Colombia. The association is possibly bidirectional.