Distribuição temporal da demanda e positividade de testes sorológicos anti-hiv em um laboratório central municipal: há aumento depois do carnaval? / Temporal distribution of anti-hiv serologic tests demand and positivity in a municipal central laboratory: are there increased after carnival?

RESUMO

Introdução:A infecção pelo HIV pode levar à imunossupressão progressiva e resultar em um complexo de infecções relacionadas à AIDS e outras manifestações nos indivíduos acometidos. Dados do Boletim Epidemiológico AIDS 2012, relatam, de 1980 a 2010, 241.662 óbitos por AIDS no Brasil. Niterói, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, é um município de médio porte, com cerca de 500 mil habitantes e excelentes indicadores socioeconômicos e culturais.Objetivo:Avaliar a possível relação de sazonalidade existente entre a distribuição temporal da demanda e da positividade de testes sorológicos anti-HIV no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Miguelote Viana (LCSPMV), de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro.Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico de série temporal. Foram analisados os dados dedemanda, de positividade dos exames anti-HIV e dos dias trabalhados, coletados de um banco de dados referentes ao período de 2005 a 2010. Os dados foramavaliados estatisticamente por uma série temporal e testes de hipótese para tendência e sazonalidade. O LCSPMV é referência na dosagem de carga viral e níveis deCD4 para todas as unidades de saúde da rede pública de Niterói e também atende à população oriunda dos municípios que fazem parte da Região MetropolitanaII.Esta é uma pesquisa inovadora, visto que ainda não foram encontrados artigos que correlacionem aumentos/diminuições das demandas de exames anti-HIV com osrespectivos meses dos anos.Resultados:No período de janeiro de 2005 até dezembro de 2010, registramos 64.505 exames sorológicos anti-HIV, sendo em 2005,17,44% (11.252); em 2006, 16,36% (10.557); em 2007, 17,81% (11.494); em 2008, 17,12% (11.046); em 2009, 16,20% (10.452); e em 2010,15,04%(9.704).

ABSTRACT

Introduction:HIV infection can lead to a progressive immunosuppression and result in an AIDS-related infections complex and other manifestations in affected individuals. Data from the AIDS 2012 Epidemiological Bulletin from 1980 to 2010 reported 241,662 deaths from AIDS in Brazil. Niterói, in Rio de Janeiro State, isa medium-sized city, of 500,000 in habitants approximately and expressive socioeconomic and cultural indicators.Objective:To evaluate the relations hip between seasonal demand and positivity of anti-HIV tests in the Miguelote Viana Public Health Central Laboratory located in Niterói.Methods:This is a temporal series analytical cross-sectional study. Anti-HIV tests demand, positivity and days worked by Miguelote Viana Public Health Central Laboratory were analyzed froma database for the period from 2005 to 2010. Data was then statistically evaluated through a temporal seriesand hypothesis testing on tendency and seasonality.Miguelote Viana Public Health Central Laboratory is a reference center for the dosage of viral load and CD4 levels for all public health units of Niterói; also attending to the population of cities in Metropolitan Region II. This is an innovative research, since articles that relate anti-HIV tests demand increase/decrease with the respective months of the year have not been found yet. As a result, we present graphs, tables and charts.Results:From January 2005 to December 2010,we have registered 64,505 serological tests for HIV, as follows 17.44% (11,252) in 2005; 16.36% (10,557) in 2006; 17.81% (11,494) in 2007; 17.12% (11,046)in 2008; 16.20% (10,452) in 2009; and 15.04% (9,704) in 2010. In annual average, the days worked per month were as follows 20in 2005; 19.5 in 2006; 19.8 in2007; 19.6 in 2008; 19.7 in 2009 and 19.3 in 2010. The monthly average of days worked in the six years studied was 21 in Jan; 17.3 in February; 21.6 in March;17.3 in April; 20 in May; 18.6 in June; 21.6 in July; 22 in August; 20.3 in September; 20.3 in October; 17.3 in November and 18.6 days in December. The annual average of positivity in absolute numbers was as follows 42.6 in 2005; 44.0 in 2006; 38.3 in 2007; 32.8 in 2008; 24.25 in 2009and 25.25 in 2010. The average positivity per month in the six years studied was the following 39.3 in January; 29.3 in February; 40.8 in March; 31.8 in April; 31.1 in May; 34.6 in June; 33.8 inJuly; 38.6 in August; 35.0 in September; 34.8 in October; 31.5 in November and 33.6 in December. The average percentage of positivity per month was as followsJanuary (4.35), February (3.85), March (3.95), April (3.88), May (3.56), June (2.34), July (3.54), August (3.80), September (3.79), October (3.60), November (3.92)and December (3.75). In the studied period (2005-2010), Carnival holidays occurred in the month of February, on the following days 8, 28, 20, 5, 24 and 16,respectively.Conclusion:We observed no seasonal relation between demand and positivity of anti-HIV tests carried out at Miguelote Viana Public Health Central Laboratory. A significant statistical decrease occurred in both anti-HIV tests demand and positivity during the studied years of the 2005-2010 series.