Fatores associados à via de parto em mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia / Factors associated with mode of delivery in women with pre-eclampsia

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores relacionados à via de parto em pacientes com pré-eclâmpsia. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo analítico e retrospectivo, realizado no período entre janeiro de 2009 e janeiro de 2011, no qual foram selecionados 250 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de pré-eclampsia e que deram à luz a conceptos vivos, com idade gestacional igual ou superior a 28 semanas. As variáveis avaliadas foram: idade materna (até 19 anos, de 20 a 34 anos e acima de 35 anos completos), idade gestacional no momento do parto (28−37 semanas e acima de 37 semanas), paridade (primípara ou multípara), antecedente de cesárea, antecedente de pré-eclâmpsia ou hipertensão arterial crônica, diagnóstico atual de pré-eclâmpsia leve ou grave e peso do recém-nascido. As informações foram transcritas para um questionário elaborado e baseado nas variáveis a serem investigadas. Foi realizado o teste do χ2 para identificar relação entre as variáveis. As variáveis que tiveram p<0,05 apresentaram diferença estatística. Só para essas variáveis foi calculada a Odds Ratio (OR), mostrando a razão de chances de ter parto cesáreo. RESULTADOS: No estudo realizado, observou-se que 78,4% dos partos foram cesáreas. Das cesáreas realizadas, 54,1% foram de pacientes com 28 a 37 semanas de idade gestacional (OR=3,1; p<0,01). Pacientes com antecedentes de pré-eclâmpsia tiveram mais chance de ter parto cesáreo (OR=2,5; p<0,02). Todas as pacientes com cesárea anterior evoluíram para parto cesáreo na gestação atual (p<0,01). As gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia grave tiveram 3,3 vezes mais chance de evoluir para parto cesáreo do que as com pré-eclâmpsia leve (OR=3,3; p<0,01). CONCLUSÃO: ...

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the factors related to route of delivery in patients with pre-eclampsia. METHODS: A retrospective analytical study was conducted from January 2009 to January 2011, during which 250 medical records of patients diagnosed with pre-eclampsia who gave birth to live fetuses with a gestational age of 28 weeks or more were selected. The variables evaluated were: maternal age (19 years, 20−34 years and over 35 full years), gestational age at delivery (28−37 weeks and more than 37 weeks), parity (primiparous or multiparous), previous cesarean section, history of pre-eclampsia or chronic hypertension, current diagnosis of mild or severe pre-eclampsia, and birth weight of the newborn. The information was transcribed to a questionnaire based on the variables being investigated. The chi-square test was applied to identify the relationship between the variables, with the level of significance set at p<0.05, and the Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated only for the variables showing a statistically significant difference in order to determine the odds for the patient to be submitted to a cesarean section. RESULTS: In this study, we observed a 78.4% rate of cesarean delivery, with 54.1% of the patients submitted to the procedure having a gestational age of 28 to 37 weeks (OR=3.1; p<0.01). Patients with a history of pre-eclampsia were 2.5 times more likely to have cesarean delivery (OR=2.5; p<0.02). All patients who had had a previous cesarean were submitted to cesarean delivery in the current pregnancy (p<0.01). Pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia were 3.3 times more likely to progress to cesarean delivery than those with mild pre-eclampsia (OR=3.3; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: After individual analysis, only gestational age and a diagnosis of severe pre-eclampsia showed significant differences, representing risk factors for this type of delivery. .