Fontes de amido no concentrado de bovinos superprecoces de diferentes classes sexuais / Sources of starch in the concentrate of young bovines from different sex classes

RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar duas fontes de amido (milho ou sorgo) no concentrado e três classes sexuais sobre o consumo de nutrientes, o desempenho e as características da carcaça de bovinos superprecoces. Foram utilizados 30 animais cruzados Beefalo-Nelore, com peso corporal médio inicial de 234,38±26,17kg, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x3 (duas fontes de amido e três classes sexuais fêmeas, machos castrados e machos não castrados). O período experimental foi de 224 dias. Na fase inicial (zero-17 semanas), os ganhos de peso total (GPT) e diário (GMD) foram 150,62 e 108,62kg e 1,27 e 0,91kg/dia, respectivamente, para milho e sorgo. Na fase final (17-32 semanas), houve efeito da fonte de amido para o peso de carcaça, com médias de 273,00 e 231,95kg, respectivamente, para os tratamentos com milho e sorgo. Houve efeito de classe sexual para GP, GMD e eficiência alimentar, com médias de GP iguais a 98,17, 124,70 e 119,70kg, GMD de 0,93, 1,19 e 1,14kg/dia e 8,66, 12,24 e 11,09%, respectivamente, para fêmeas, machos castrados e machos não castrados. Espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) apresentou médias de 10,50; 5,97 e 5,51mm, respectivamente, para fêmeas, machos castrados e machos não castrados. Recomenda-se o milho como fonte de amido na fase inicial do confinamento de superprecoces. Na fase final (17-32 semanas), não há distinção entre milho ou sorgo. As fêmeas apresentaram maior EGS, e os machos, castrados e não castrados, apresentaram maior eficiência alimentar na fase final do confinamento...

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate two sources of starch in the concentrate, and three sex classes, on the consumption of nutrients, the performance and carcass characteristics of young bovines in feedlot. Thirty Beefalo-Nellore crossbred with an average initial body weight of 234.38±26.17kg and average age of nine months was used. All animals were maintained in individual bays. A completely randomized design with 2 x 3 factorial (two starch source and three sexual categories) was used. The experimental period lasted 224 days (32 weeks). In the initial phase (0-17 weeks) the weight gain (WG) and average daily gain (ADG) were 150.62 and 108.62kg and 1.27 and 0.91kg/day, respectively, for corn and sorghum. In the final phase (17-32 weeks) the feed efficiency of animals fed with maize was similar to sorghum, with an average of 10.66%. There was a significant source of starch for carcass weight, averaging 273.00 and 231.95kg respectively for the treatments with maize and sorghum. There was a sex class effect for WG, ADG and feed efficiency, with WG average equal to 98.17, 124.70 and 119.70kg, average daily gain of 0.93, 1.19 and 1.14kg/day and 8.66, 12.24 and 11.09% respectively for heifers, steers and young bulls. The subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) showed an average of 10.50, 5.97 and 5.51mm for heifers, steers and intact males. In conclusion, the use of corn as a source of starch in the initial phase of the feed for young cattle is recommended. However, in the final stage, there is no distinction between sources of starch in the concentrate, which can be corn or sorghum. Females had higher EGS, while the males, castrated and intact, had higher feed efficiency in the final phase of confinement...