Aortitis, causas infrecuentes en Reumatología: presentación de casos / Aortitis: Report of three cases

ABSTRACT

Aortitis is a nonspecific term that describes an inflammation of the aortic wall caused by inflammatory, infectious, paraneoplastic and idiopathic diseases. The symptoms are variable and nonspecific; therefore a high level of clinical suspicion is required to diagnose it. It is often an incidental finding while looking for other diagnoses and it is confirmed mainly through imaging studies. We report three cases of aortitis: A 29-year-old woman presenting with alopecia, oral and nasal ulcers and positive antinuclear antibodies. A CAT scan showed a segmental thickening of thoracic aorta, with dilated and stenotic areas. She was successfully treated with steroids, hydroxychloroquine, cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. A 41-year-old male presenting with dorsal pain and cough. The CAT scan showed an extra-intimal thickening of the descending aorta and stenosis of the celiac artery. The final diagnosis was a polyangiitis and was treated with steroids, cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. A 28-year-old woman presenting with pain in the left upper abdomen. Imaging studies showed a thickening of the aortic arch and subclavian artery. The final diagnosis was sarcoidosis and the patient was treated with prednisone.