Conciencia fonológica en escolares de primero básico / Phonological awareness in two groups at first elementary grade students of public and subventioned schools

RESUMEN

El objetivo del estudio fue describir el desempeño de conciencia fonológica en escolares que inician primero básico. El grupo de estudio estaba constituido por 100 niños chilenos1 de nivel socioeconómico bajo, pertenecientes a colegios municipales y particulares subvencionados de la Región Metropolitana. Se evaluó el desempeño, mediante la prueba de conciencia fonológica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que al iniciar primero básico, un 56 por ciento de los escolares presenta un desarrollo de conciencia fonológica bajo el promedio esperado para su edad. Por otra parte el análisis del desempeño de cada subprueba muestra diferencias significativas asociadas a la complejidad de las tarea.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to describe the phonological awareness performance in students starting first grade in elementary school, considering the type educational institution they attend. The study group consisted of 100 Chilean children, low socioeconomic status, enrolled in public schools and state-funded private schools in the Metropolitan Region. The development of phonological awareness was assessed using a test for phonological awareness. The results show that, at the beginning of first grade, 56 percent of students show a low development of phonological awareness. In addition, the analysis of the level of performance on each sub-test shows significant differences linked to the complexity of the tasks. Furthermore, it was found that students attending state-funded private schools performed better in phonological awareness than students in public schools.