Incidencia de osteopenia en pacientes menores de 34 semanas de gestación en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales / Incidence of osteopenia in premature newborns of less than 34 weeks' gestation in a neonatal intensive care unit
Perinatol. reprod. hum
;
28(4): 193-197, oct.-dic. 2014. ilus
Artigo
em Espanhol
| LILACS
| ID: lil-744102
RESUMEN
Introducción:
Se estima que en el mundo hay cerca de 13 millones anuales de prematuros. La osteopenia del prematuro se caracteriza por desmineralización del hueso. Es multifactorial, progresiva y de severidad variable. Aparece en el 30% de los menores de 1,500 g. Se presenta en más del 50% de los recién nacidos con peso menor a 1,000 g. Material ymétodos:
Estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo y comparativo en recién nacidos prematuros menores de 34 semanas. Se determinaron los niveles séricos de calcio, fósforo y fosfatasa alcalina a los 7, 14, 21 y 28 días de vida. Para el análisis de resultados se utilizó ANOVA.Resultados:
Se estudiaron 16 pacientes. La incidencia de osteopenia fue de 31.2, y de 75% en menores de 1,000 g. A partir del día 14 de vida, se observó una disminución del fósforo y una tendencia a elevarse anormalmente la fosfatasa alcalina. El 80% de los niños cursaron con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria tipo I y displasia broncopulmonar.Discusión:
Se identificaron como factores de riesgo para osteopenia el ayuno prolongado, nutrición parenteral prolongada sin fosfatos orgánicos, bajos aportes de vitamina D y ausencia de ejercicios preventivos. Hubo datos paraclínicos que permiten identificar de manera temprana al prematuro con alto riesgo para desarrollar la enfermedad.ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Every year, there are over 13 million premature infants worldwide. Osteopenia of prematurity is a metabolic disease in which demineralization of bones is seen; it is progressive and variable in severity. It is found in 30% of preemies less than 1,500 g and increases up to 50% if born weighing less than 1,000 g. Material andmethods:
A longitudinal, descriptive, prospective and comparative research was done including preterm babies of less than 34 weeks' gestation. A follow-up of serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase was carried out in days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of life. An ANOVA test was used for statistic analysis.Results:
After 5 babies were discarded, 16 preterm newborns were studied, of which 11 were female and 5 male. General prevalence of osteopenia was 31.2% but it increased up to 75% in those children born weighing less than 1,000 g. Diminished phosphorus was observed as well as a tendency of the alkaline phosphatase to increase from day 14. Eighty per cent of the patients studied had respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia as well.Discussion:
The risk factors identified were late enteral stimuli, prolonged parenteral nutrition, no use of organic phosphate, low amounts of vitamin D administered and no preventive physical activity. We noticed there are paraclinical data that may identify babies at high risk for osteopenia.
Texto completo:
DisponíveL
Índice:
LILACS (Américas)
Tipo de estudo:
Estudo de incidência
/
Estudo observacional
/
Estudo prognóstico
/
Fatores de risco
/
Estudo de rastreamento
Idioma:
Espanhol
Revista:
Perinatol. reprod. hum
Assunto da revista:
Perinatologia
/
REPRODUCAO
Ano de publicação:
2014
Tipo de documento:
Artigo
País de afiliação:
México
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