Saúde e qualidade de vida de adolescentes de um assentamento rural no Pontal do Paranapanema-SP / Health and quality of life of adolescents who live in a rural settlement in Pontal do Paranapanema-SP

RESUMO

Hábitos, comportamentos, saúde bucal e qualidade de vida de adolescentes têm sido foco de pesquisas atuais, mas poucas retratam a situação daqueles que habitam regiões rurais e remotas, considerados socialmente excluídos. Objetivou-se verificar os hábitos alimentares e de higiene, o comportamento social, consumo de álcool e tabaco, Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC),condição de saúde bucal, necessidades de tratamento odontológico, o impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida de adolescentes de assentamento rural no Brasil, frente à iniquidade de acesso aos serviços odontológicos. Neste estudo epidemiológico transversal, 180 jovens entre 11 e 18 anos, de um assentamento rural, foram examinados e entrevistados, utilizando-se os instrumentos The Global School-based Student Health Survey, WHOQOLBref (World Health Organization - Quality of Life) e OIDP (Oral Impact on Daily Performance). Os índices CPO-D (dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados) e IPC (índice periodontal comunitário) foram empregados em exame clínico. Nas análises bivariadas foram aplicados os testes Qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney e, posteriormente, o modelo de Regressão Logística. Quanto ao acesso, 53,3% dos entrevistados consultaram um cirurgião-dentista no último ano e, o restante, há mais de dois anos. A dor foi o principal motivo da última consulta (69,5%). Os adolescentes consumiam refrigerantes (25,2%), fastfoods e lanches (41,9%), chá ou café adoçado (59,8%). A higiene bucal era realizada com palito de dentes (19,0%) e escovação (97,2%); o fio dental não era usado por 71,5% dos entrevistados. Do total, 12,9% relataram dificuldade para mastigar pelos problemas bucais e, apesar de 55,8% dos jovens terem demonstrado satisfação com a aparência dentária, 19,6% evitavam sorrir. Verificou-se consumo de bebida alcoólica (32,4%), tabagismo (3,9%) e sobrepeso (13,4%). O CPO-D médio foi 5,49 (± 3,33), sendo que a maioria (58,9%) teve CPO-D ≥ 5. Periodontites foram notadas em 37,2%...

ABSTRACT

Habits, behavior, oral health and quality of life of adolescents have been focused on recent researches, but few of them study situation of those who lives in rural and remote areas, considered socially excluded. It was aimed to verify diet and hygiene habits, behaviors, consumption of alcohol and tobacco, Body Mass Index (BMI), oral health condition, needs for dental treatment, impact of oral health on quality of life of adolescents from rural settlement in Brazil, considering inequality in dental services accessibility. In this crosssectional and epidemiological survey, 180 11- to 18- years-old adolescents from rural settlement were interviewed and examined, using the instruments Global School-based Student Health Survey, WHOQOL-Bref (World Health Organization - Quality of Life) and OIDP (Oral Impact on Daily Performance). DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) and CPI (community periodontal index) indexes were applied in oral examination. In bivariate analysis, Chi-squared, Fisher’s and Mann-Whitney Tests were used, and lately, logistic regression model. About the access, 53.3% of interviewed people consulted a dentist over the last year and the other part, more than two years ago. Toothache was the main reason for the last consult (69.5%). The adolescents consumed soft-drinks (25.2%), fast-foods and snacks (41.9%), sugared tea or coffee (59.8%). Oral hygiene was performed with toothpick (19.0%) and toothbrushing (97.2%); dental fosse was not used by 71.5 of population. Overall, 12.9% reported difficulty on chewing due to oral problems, and although 55.8% of adolescents had demonstrated satisfaction with own dental appearance, 19.6% avoided to smile. It was noted consumption of alcoholic drinks (32.4%), tobacco (3.9%) and 13.4% was obese. DMFT average was 5.49 (± 3,33) and the majority (58.9%) had DMFT ≥ 5. Periodontitis were observed in 37.2% of population, mainly gingival bleeding (77.7%). Needs for dental treatment were concentrated on restorations...