Violencia de Pareja y Alexitimia en Mujeres Neoleonesas / Couple Violence and Alexithymia in Women from Nuevo Leon

RESUMEN

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivos estimar los niveles de alexitimia y violencia de pareja (recibida y ejercida) en mujeres, asimismo estudiar la relación entre alexitimia y violencia. La escala de alexitimia de Toronto (TAS-20) y el Cuestionario de Violencia en la Pareja fueron aplicados a una muestra no probabilística de 118 mujeres mexicanas con pareja heterosexual. Se encontró alexitimia (TAS-20 ≥ 61) en el 42% de las mujeres, violencia recibida en el 25% y de violencia ejercida en el 5%. La violencia recibida fue mayor que la ejercida. La alexitimia se asoció con la violencia, más con la violencia recibida que con la ejercida. Se observó un patrón de violencia reactiva en el que la alexitimia actúa como un factor de riesgo. Esto probablemente se deba a los problemas de ajuste y control que la alexitimia conlleva. Se aconseja evaluar la alexitimia en los estudios e intervenciones en violencia de pareja.

ABSTRACT

The aims of this paper were 1) to estimate the levels of couple violence (received and exercised) and alexithymia among women, and 2) to study the relationship among alexithymia and violence. The Questionnaire of Couple Violence and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were applied to a non-probability sample of 118 Mexican women with a heterosexual partner. Mean of age was 35 years old (SD = 10) ranking from 18 to 57. Regarding marital status, 53 of 118 women (45%) reported being married, 28 (24%) separated, 21 (18%) in free union with a partner, 11 (9%) single, 4 (3%) divorced and 1 (1%) widow. Indices of received violence and exerted violence that vary from 0 to 100 were calculated multiplying reported frequency by reported damage. Comparisons of means for Student's t-test, linear correlations, linear regression and path analysis were use for data analysis. Alexithymia (TAS-20 total scores ≥ 61) was found in 42% of women, received violence in 25% (scores of received violence index ≥ 30), and exercised violence in 5% (scores of received violence index ≥ 30). The mean of index of received violence was higher than the one of index of exerted violence (t[117] = 4.15, p < .01). Alexithymia was associated to violence. Its correlation was higher with received violence than with exerted violence. A reactive violence pattern was observed in which alexithymia acts as a risk factor. In this path model, alexithymia (TAS-20 total score) determined both the received damage as the index of exerted violence. The received damage determined the index of exerted violence. The variable of level of education was added as a determinant of the index of exerted violence, owing to model ran out degrees of freedom with only one variable exogenous (alexithymia).The model explained 21% of the variance of exerted violence and 19% of the variance of received damage with a close fit to the data (χ2 [1, N = 118] = 0.14, p = .71, GFI = 1, AGFI = .99, NFI = 1, CFI = 1, and RMSEA = 0). This relationship among alexithymia and violence could probably be due to the adjustment and control problems that alexithymia involves. It is suggested to assess alexithymia in new studies and interventions in couple violence.