Changes in surface characteristics of moderately roughened grade iv titanium disc following a standardised implantoplasty technique: an in-vitro study

ABSTRACT

Aim: To analyze the changes in surface characteristics of moderately roughened grade IV titanium discs following a standardized implantoplasty protocol. Materials and Method: Nine moderately roughened titanium discs (ø9.0 mm; 2-mm thickness) with a comparable surface to commercially available oral implants (Southern Implants (Pty) Ltd, Irene, South Africa) were used. One disc was used as a control sample while the remaining 8 discs were modified using a standardized technique. Each disc was divided into 4 sections of which each quadrant was instrumented in the same manner. Regular grit and superfine grit diamond burs were used for 10s each, followed by brown and green silicone burs for 15s respectively. The surface characteristics of all samples were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results: SEM analysis of the surfaces showed that as the instrumentation progressed from diamond burs to silicone burs, surface irregularities began to diminish. However, using silicone burs tended to increase the amount of surface debris and the roughness still remained significantly higher than the control sample. EDS identified some foreign elements originating from the silicone burs that were used. Conclusion: The proposed standardized implantoplasty protocol did not decrease the roughness of the surface below that of the control disc. The clinical implications of foreign elements remaining on the titanium surfaces need further investigation.