Avaliação prognóstica em longo prazo de pacientes diabéticos portadores de insuficiência renal crônica leve a moderada e doença coronária multiarterial submetidos aos tratamentos clínico, cirúrgico ou angioplastia / Long-term outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic kidney disease undergoing surgery, angioplasty, or medical treatment

RESUMO

Introdução: Entre pacientes portadores de doença arterial coronária (DAC), o Diabetes mellitus indica um pior prognóstico. A associação com doença renal crônica parece conferir risco cardiovascular adicional a essa população. Há poucos estudos comparando os diferentes tratamentos para DAC na população de diabéticos com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC). Objetivo: Comparar diferentes tratamentos para DAC em uma população portadora de diabetes tipo 2 estratificada por níveis de função renal. Métodos: Estudo observacional, prospectivo do tipo registro, selecionou do Registro Geral do Grupo MASS pacientes portadores de Diabetes tipo 2 com doença coronariana crônica submetidos aos tratamentos medicamentoso exclusivo (TM), cirúrgico (CRM) ou percutâneo (ICP). Todos os pacientes eram portadores de doença coronária multiarterial, função ventricular preservada, sendo a função renal estimada pelo método de Cockroft-Gault e grupada em três estratos 1) função renal preservada (clearance de creatinina > 90 mL/min), 2) IRC discreta (60-89 mL/min) e 3) IRC moderada (30-59 mL/min). Os desfechos primários foram uma combinação de morte, infarto do miocárdio não fatal ou necessidade de intervenções adicionais. Resultados: Foram selecionados em um período entre 1995 e 2010, 763 pacientes, com seguimento médio de 5,4 anos e alocados em três estratos estrato 1 (N=270) foi formado por 122 pacientes submetidos à CRM, 72 submetidos à ICP e 76 submetidos ao TM; estrato 2 (N=367), composto por 167 pacientes submetidos à CRM, 92 submetidos à ICP e 108 submetidos ao TM; estrato 3 (N=126), composto por 46 pacientes submetidos à CRM, 40 pacientes submetidos à ICP e 40 pacientes submetidos ao TM. As taxas de sobrevivência livres de eventos foram 80,4%, 75,7% e 67,5% para os estratos 1, 2 e 3 respectivamente (P=0,037). As taxas de sobrevivência entre os pacientes dos estratos 1, 2 e 3 foram 91,1%, 89,6% e 76,2%, respectivamente (P=0,001) (HR0,69; 0,51-0,95; P=0,024 para estrato 1...

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a risk factor associated with worse prognosis in patients with croronary artery disease (CAD). Some studies have demonstrated that this prognosis has additional risk when associated with chronic kidney disease. There are few data available comparing different therapies for multivessel CAD among patients with diabetes and CKD in a long-term follow-up. Objective: To compare three different therapeutic strategies for CAD among diabetic patients stratified by renal function. Methods: This is a prospective, registry-based and single center study that enrolled patients from the MASS Group Registry. Type 2 diabetic patients with multivessel CAD were allocated to three different treatment strategies coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), angioplasty (PCI), and optimized medical therapy alone (MT). Data were analyzed according to estimated glomerular filtration rate in 3 strata normal (> 90mL/min), mild CKD (60- 89mL/min), and moderate CKD (30-59mL/min). Primary endpoint was combined of overall mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and need for additional revascularization. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard survival analysis was performed to assess whether the associations of groups with all-cause mortality and other end points considered was independent of potential confounders. Demographic and clinical variables, as well as treatment applied were included in the analysis. Results: From 1995 to 2010, patients enrolled (N=763) were followed for a mean time of 5.4 years. Among normal renal function patients (N=270), 122 underwent CABG, 72 PCI, and 76 MT; among mild CKD patients (N=367), 167 underwent CABG, 92 PCI, an d108 MT; and for moderate CKD patients (N=126), 46 underwent CABG, 40 PCI, and 40 MT. Survival free of events were 80.4%, 75.7% e 67.5% for strata 1, 2 and 3 respectively (P=0.037). Survival rates among patients with no, mild, and moderate CKD are respectively 91.1%, 89.6%, and 76.2% (P=0.001)...