Cultural Care for People Living with HIV/AIDS in Muslim Communities in Asia: A Literature Review

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) have obtained a great deal of attention worldwide over the past three decades. Numerous studies have been conducted to address this pandemic virus and disease, yet the number of infected individuals is increasing, particularly in developing countries, including those that are predominantly Muslim. Muslims historically have shown a unique response to HIV/AIDS due to their belief that their Islamic faith protects them from contracting the virus. Therefore, understanding the interface, among cultural beliefs, prevention and care for individuals with HIV/AIDS, is crucial for health care providers to develop culturally appropriate models of prevention, care and treatment. However, care that is culturally congruent for individuals with HIV/AIDS remains largely unexplored among Muslims in Asia. The purpose of this review of the literature was to examine cultural beliefs in relation to caring practices for people with HIV/AIDS in Muslim communities in Asia. Recommendations and implications for health care providers are highlighted, and the need for future research is suggested.