Intranasal drug delivery system- A glimpse to become maestro.

ABSTRACT

Intranasal drug delivery – which has been practiced for thousands of years, has been given a new lease of life. It is a useful delivery method for drugs that are active in low doses and show no minimal oral bioavailability such as proteins and peptides. One of the reasons for the low degree of absorption of peptides and proteins via the nasal route is rapid movement away from the absorption site in the nasal cavity due to the Mucociliary Clearance mechanism. The nasal route circumvents hepatic first pass elimination associated with the oral delivery it is easily accessible and suitable for self-medication. The large surface area of the nasal mucosa affords a rapid onset of therapeutic effect, potential for direct-to-central nervous system delivery, no first-pass metabolism, and non-invasiveness; all of which may maximize patient convenience, comfort, and compliance. IN delivery is non-invasive, essentially painless, does not require sterile preparation, and is easily and readily administered by the patient or a physician, e.g., in an emergency setting. Furthermore, the nasal route may offer improved delivery for “non-Lipinski” drugs.