Ocular Manifestation in Hypertensive Patients of Jamnagar Disrict.

ABSTRACT

Hypertension affects millions of patients worldwide. Persistent elevation affecting the arteries and veins in eye can be the most accessible to clinically detect undiagnosed hypertension. Aim: To know the incidence of retinopathy due to hypertension in both sex and various age groups. The severity of hypertension and its relation with fundus changes is observed. Material and Methods: The Study was carried out at the department of ophthalmology in Shri Guru Gobind Singh Hospital. Detailed ophthalmic evaluation including dilated fundus and systemic examination of the patient is carried out in detail. Thereafter attempt is made to correlate the Fundus findings with age, sex, past history etc. For hypertensive retinopathy Keith-Wagener-Barker Classification is used. Result: Hypertension is most common in 5th to 6th decade of life. Males are more affected than females. Male to female ratio is 1.72. Fundus changes are observed maximum in grade II (26, 44.8%) followed by Grade I(15,21.9%), Grade III(11,19%) and minimal in Grade IV(6,10.3%).With incidence of hypertensive retinopathy in different age group shows that Grade II more number of cases 26 (44.8%) in 41-50 years of age group showing 8 cases. In complication of hypertensive retinopathy, 10 cases of macular edema, 6 cases of disc edema, 1 case of central retinal vein occlusion and 1 case of branch retinal vein occlusion are found. Conclusion: Incidence of hypertensive retinopathy is increased as age is increased with maximum presentation in 5th to 6th decade of life with male dominance with malefemale ratio 1.72. Hypertensive retinopathy grade II is the most common retinopathy found. Higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure was associated with more severe retinopathy. Grade-III and Grade-IV hypertensive retinopathy was maximally associated with systemic involvement.