Emergence of HIV‑1 drug‑resistant variants in women following antiretroviral prophylaxis for the prevention of mother to child transmission.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Emergence of drug resistance following HIV prophylaxis has an important impact on ART program. Objective: To investigate the emergence of drug resistance in HIV‑1 infected pregnant women. Materials and Methods: Fifty‑three HIV‑1 infected pregnant women who had received 4‑12 weeks of antenatal AZT followed by Nevirapine during delivery and Combivir [AZT + 3TC] for 1 week postpartum (group‑1, n = 48) or who come at the time of delivery and received Nevirapine followed by Combivir for 1 week (group‑2, n = 5) were recruited. Samples were collected prior to the start of the prophylaxis and 5‑8 weeks postpartum. In addition, a third sample was collected between 26‑65 weeks postpartum from 7 women. Amplification of HIV‑1 pol gene and drug resistance analysis was done. Result: Two (3.8%) women in group‑1 showed transmitted drug resistance and they continued to show this even at 6 weeks postpartum. One (2%) woman from group‑1 showed a mutation after 6‑8 weeks of prophylaxis. Among the samples collected between 26‑65 weeks postpartum, 3/7 (43%) showed mutations and all these women belong to group‑1. Women belonging to group‑2 didn’t show mutation prior to or following prophylaxis. Conclusion: In contrast to the available data among pregnant women with ART prophylaxis, our data showed reduced frequency of mutations following 5‑8 weeks of postpartum but an emergence of mutation later (26‑65 weeks). The addition of Combivir with the single dose Nevirapine during delivery and the early stage of the disease with higher CD4 counts could be the reasons for this.