A study on APO B100/APO A-I Ratio in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ABSTRACT

Dyslipidemia, a very common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is associated with life threatening complication like coronary artery disease (CAD). Apolipoprotein A-I and apo B100 are the protein components of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) respectively. Apo B100/apo A-I ratio represents the balance between pro-atherogenic and antiatherogenic factors. Apolipoproteins have recently gained importance as they are said to be a better indicator of coronary artery disease as compared to other lipid and lipoproteins. This study was done to study the apo B100/apo A-I ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), extended lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL, apoA-I and apoB100) were estimated in 34 non diabetic controls and 37 diabetic cases.The cases were further subdivided into 2 groups based on their glycemic control. LDL levels were calculated by Friedewald’s formula. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 11.5. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Poorly controlled diabetic cases had significantly lower levels of HDL and apoA-I and significantly higher levels of TG. Total cholesterol, LDL and apoB-100 were comparable in both the groups. ApoB100/apoA-I ratio was significantly elevated in poorly controlled diabetic. Apo B100/apo A-I ratio showed a strong positive correlation with glycated HbA1c Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidemia. Strict glycemic control is capable of partially improving dyslipidmia. Apo B100/apo A-I ratio can be used as an additional parameter for assessment of risk of CAD in diabetes mellitus.