Comparative study on selective trace elements in T2DM patients in correlations with their HbA1c level in tertiary care hospital in Karaikal district

ABSTRACT

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that arises due to absolute or relative lack of insulin production by the beta-cells of the pancreas. Impaired secretion of this protein affects glucose metabolism, and consequently, results in hyperglycemia. Unregulated levels of blood glucose can lead to several debilitating conditions such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and amputations of extremities. About 90 to 95% of the patients are affected by type 2 diabetes which is characterized primarily by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and beta-cell dysfunction. Trace elements facilitate numerous biochemical reactions including those related to insulin and glucose metabolism. Aim of the study To compare the trace element concentrations T2DM patients and healthy agematched controls. Materials and methods: The Study includes 22 types of II diabetic patients as cases and 22 normal individuals as controls. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and Postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), in this cationic study, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, and magnesium were measured in plasma of T2DM and compare with healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were collected into labeled centrifuge tubes, after an 8–12 hours overnight fast, from the subjects by venepuncture. The blood Jaiprabu Jayaraj, Pandiamunian Jayabal. Comparative study on selective trace elements in T2DM patients in correlations with their HbA1c level in tertiary care hospital in Karaikal district. IAIM, 2019; 6(7) 7-16. Page 8 samples were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min using a desktop centrifuge and the serum separated and kept in labeled sample bottles at −70°C until further analysis. Results: The results showed that the plasma of T2DM patients contains significant (p<0.05) more sodium, calcium, copper, zinc, and magnesium compared to the plasma of age healthy age-matched controls. The results also showed that there was no change in potassium levels comparing control with T2DM patients. However, T2DM patients had significantly (p<0.05) less iron compared to agematched healthy controls. Conclusion: The present study provides significant evidence showing that altered metabolism of Cu, Zn, Cr, and Mg is strongly associated with the increased levels of HbA1c. These associations might represent a risk factor for the development of diabetic complications. Our findings indicate that it is necessary to take into consideration possible changes in the metabolism of these metals, mainly their associations with long-term hyperglycemia.