A Study of Frequency of Dry Eye in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study is to find the frequency of dry eye in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care centre in Western Uttar Pradesh region. Methods: A cross sectional observational study, conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College and Hospital. A Total of 200 patients were enrolled, 100 in Type 2 diabetes mellitus group and 100 in non-diabetic group. Detailed ocular and diabetic history was recorded and clinical examination with slit-lamp for anterior segment was done. Schirmer’s test (SchT), Tear breakup time (TBUT) were performed, and results noted. The stage of diabetic retinopathy was determined using direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results: According to the present study, frequency of dry eye was more in diabetics (68%) as compared to non-diabetic patients (32%). Frequency of dry eye was maximum among the patients of above 60 years of age with 48.5% and 48.1% in diabetic and non-diabetic group respectively. Dry eye was more common in females in both the groups, 54.5% and 51.8% respectively. Dry eye was seen in 75% patients having diabetic retinopathy. Dryness (68%) and watering(21%) was the most common ocular symptom in diabetics and non-diabetics respectively. Conclusion: Dry eye have high frequency with diabetics and diagnosis for dry eye by TBUT and Schirmer’s along with history of ocular symptoms can be utilized as screening tool. Dry eye appears more in higher age group and in females as compared to middle or younger age group. Frequency of dry eye is much higher in diabetics having diabetic retinopathy as compared to the other diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy.