Morphological Variations Of The Coraco-acromial Ligament: A Cadaveric Study

Introduction: The coraco-acromial ligament forms coraco-acromial arch along with acromion and coracoidprocess of scapula which prevent the superior humeral head displacement. It plays a key role in the pathoetiology of sub-acromial impingement syndrome when there are no significant bony abnormalities.Material and Methods: In the present study we have studied 120 formalin preserved upper limbs (right: 60; left:60) of unknown age and sex. Each shoulder was dissected carefully to see coraco-acromial ligament. The CALwas identified with careful blunt dissection to prevent overlooking any thinner bands. We observed the numberof bands present and shape of the ligament. Photographs were taken.Results: Different morphological subtypes of coraco-acromial ligament were observed and classified accordingto Kesmezacar et al. Type II (28.33 %) was the most common then type I (25 %), type IV (17.5 %), type V (15 %), typeIII (11.66%). Anterolateral band of ligament extended antero-laterally to form coracoacromial falx in 51%.Discussion: Coraco-acromial ligament shows different morphological variations in Indian population. Knowledgeof morphological variations of coraco-acromial ligament will be helpful for orthopedic surgeon for clinical andintraoperative decision while dealing with sub-acromial impingement syndrome.