Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI)in hospitalized children with nephrotic syndrome. Methods: All consecutive hospitalizedchildren (aged 1-14 years) with diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome between February 2016 andJanuary 2017 were enrolled for the study.Children (aged 1-14 years) with features ofnephritis, underlying secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome as well as children admittedfor diagnostic renal biopsy and intravenous cyclophosphamide or rituximab infusion wereexcluded. Results: A total of 73 children (81 admissions) were enrolled; incidence of AKI was16% (95% CI, 9-23). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, furosemide infusion wasobserved as an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury (OR 23; 95% CI, 3-141;P<0.001). Out of 13 children with AKI, three died. Conclusions: Acute kidney injury inhospitalized children with nephrotic syndrome has high risk of mortality. Children receivingfurosemide infusion should be closely monitored for occurrence of acute kidney injury.