A Quantitative Analysis on Requirement of Blood Transfusion in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding using Blatchford Bleeding Score

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The GBS enables assessment of risk based on clinical variables alone without the use of endoscopic findings. Its purpose is to aid in identification of patients requiring intervention, such as blood transfusion, or endoscopic or surgical intervention to control UGI haemorrhage. Study objective was to correlate the requirement of blood transfusion in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and Blatchford scoring system.To analyse and correlate the score with prediction of rebleeding, duration of hospital stay. Material and Methods: A Cross sectional quantitative study was conducted in Medical ICU/Wards of Pushpagiri medical college. From (January 2016 to June 2017). All Patients admitted with upper gastrointestinal bleeding during this period was selected as sample size. A detailed history was taken, and a thorough clinical examination was done, complemented by relevant investigation as required for the study. Unpaired t-test,Chi square test and Correlation were used as Test of significance. P-value <0.05 is considered statistically significant using Epi-info 7 software. Results: Majority of patients were in the age group of 41 to 50 years (28.6%). 72.6% were males and the remaining females. 54.8% of patients did not require blood transfusion at all, 20.2% was transfused 1 unit of packed red cells and only 1.2% with 4 units. Only 3.6% patients who presented with upper GI bleed had a rebleeding which further tells the need of blood transfusion.majority of the patients had a mean hospital stay of 5 – 8 days around 48%. There was significant correlation between Blatchford score on admission and requirement of blood transfusion (p value 0.000) and duration of hospital stay (p value 0.008). Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between Blatchford scoring on admission and requirement of blood transfusion. There was also a significant correlation between initial Blatchford scoring and duration of hospital stay and outcome: