Evaluation of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CI-AKI)

ABSTRACT

Background: The risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has been accepted lately by medicalliterature and practice since it is the third leading cause of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients. Differentmeasures in practice are being used to prevent the incidence of CI-AKI. Objective: In this review, we aimed todiscuss the different methods of prevention of CI-AKI mentioned in the literature. Methods: A comprehensivesearch was done using biomedical databases including Medline, and PubMed, for studies concerned with theassessment of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Keywords used in our search through the databases were“Contrast-Induced Kidney Failure” and “Diagnosis & Management”. Conclusion: Intravenous (IV) fluidhydration is the mainstay of practice in the prevention of CI-AKI. Intravenous administration of sodiumbicarbonate has also gained notable importance in the prevention of CI-AKI, but it is still not confirmed. Despitethat the application of N-acetyl cysteine to prevent CI-AKI is controversial, N-acetyl cysteine remains a commonlyutilized agent even without solid scientific evidence. The application of statins for the prevention of CI-AKI afterintravascular contrast medium administration revealed some promising results but it is still premature toimplement their application in daily clinical practice. Therefore, there is a need for additional well designed andsufficiently powered randomized controlled trials to clarify these issues and to assess the risk vs benefit of allother methods for the purpose of CI-AKI prevention