The terms Khalisa and dar-bahara in Jahangir's dastur -ul- amal and his physicians.

ABSTRACT

After his accession Jahangir passed twelve orders (dastur-ul-amal). According to the tenth order hospitals were to be built in all the big cities and physicians were to be appointed and expenditure for this purpose were to be made from "Khalisa" establishment. The term 'Khalisa' has been translated as royal treasury by scholars. But according to the Encyclopaedia of Islam the term means crown land. Jahangir's yearly income from his crown-land was fifty crores of rupees. So he in all probability ordered money to be spent from his personal fund. According to the fifth order, Jahangir forbade manufacture and sale of dar-bahara (rice-spirit). It has been suggested that probably the right term was 'dil-bahara' (exhilarating drink) because Jahanir the emperor would know title of rice-spirit a cheap drink meant for poor people. But in the history of the fourth year of his reign Jahangir says that he forbade the sale of bhang and buza (rice-spirit) in the market as those were injurious for health and he gave stringent orders for the abolition of gambling. So Jahangir was anxious for the physical and moral health of his subjects.