Haematological profile of Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 patients undergoing maintenance Hemodialysis at a tertiary care centre.

ABSTRACT

Background: Kidneys play a central role in the regulation of body fluids, electrolytes and acid- base balance. With progressive loss of kidney function, derangements in electrolytes and acid-base inevitably occur and contribute to poor patient outcomes. Timely intervention and effective management will minimize complications and can potentially be lifesaving. Aim: To study the haematological profile in patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage 5 undergoing haemodialysis and to correlate the relation if any, between the study parameters. Material and Methods: Study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis thrice a week. Complete hemogram, RFT, LFT, serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus values were obtained and their associations were statistically analysed. Results: Out of 60 patients studied, 20% (n=12) had hemoglobin values <8 g/dl, 36% (n=36) had 8-10 g/dl and 12% (n=12) had ?10 g/dl. 18% (n=11) had mild hyponatremia (130-135 mEq/L), 38% (n=23) had moderate (125-129 mEq/L) and 44% (n=26) had severe (<125 mEq/L) hyponatremia.80% of the study group (n=48) had serum calcium <9 mg/dl and 20% (n=12) had >9 mg/dl. 68% (n=41) of the patients had serum phosphorus >5.5 mg/dl and 32% (n=19) of them had <5.5 mg/dl. There was a significant positive correlation of serum sodium with serum calcium (r=0.752, p=0.0001), serum albumin (p=0.0001), hemoglobin (p=0.0001) and significant negative correlation with serum phosphorus (r=-0.730, p=0.0001), serum uric acid (p=0.003). Conclusion: Anemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia are most commonly seen in hemodialysis patients. Appropriate timely intervention can significantly prevent the long-term morbidity in such patients.