Lessons for the future-psychosocial perspectives of vaccine literacy among beneficiaries at a COVID-19 vaccination center in a tertiary teaching hospital in Punjab, Northern India: A qualitative analysis

ABSTRACT

Background: Due to the unprecedented magnitude of the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccine development was fast-tracked; yet, there were barriers to vaccination uptake. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to understand the factors promoting vaccination and the barriers to vaccination, to explore the infection prevention and control practices followed after vaccination. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study using in depth interviews, both face to face and telephonic; among beneficiaries willing to participate and given at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine in the institutions’ vaccination center, stratified sampling technique was used. Informed consent was obtained. Absolute confidentiality was ensured. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and validated by back translation into vernacular. The results obtained were analyzed using framework approach and categorized into themes and subthemes and valid conclusions drawn. Results: Various factors promoting willingness for vaccination and barriers perceived by the participants in their community, social, and occupational setting have been revealed in the present study. Availability of vaccine along with clear and accurate information can go a long way in overcoming vaccine hesitancy and promoting vaccine literacy. Conclusion: Clear and accurate information should be disseminated. The role of social media, mass media, and dissemination of information by word of mouth cannot be undermined. It is hoped that results of the present study will aid in formulating future vaccination programs.