Relationship between vitamin D and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in semi-urban North Indian population

ABSTRACT

Background: Besides being associated with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension has emerged as a risk factor for diabetes. A few studies have focused on the role of vitamin D in the control of blood pressure in hypertensive people. There is still debate about whether serum vitamin D levels play a role in causing hypertension or not. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between vitamin D and blood pressure in type diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, a total of 180 type 2 diabetes patients participated. Patients were divided into two groups on the bases of Vitamin D levels. Vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml are considered Vitamin D deficient and more than 20ng/ml are considered as no vitamin D deficient. An independent t-test was used for comparison of glycemic parameters and blood pressure between the two groups. Person correlation was used to find out the relationship between Vitamin D and blood pressure. Results: Glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose were significantly higher in vitamin D deficient groups (P ? 0.001). Furthermore, a significant difference was found in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed only with vitamin D deficient group and SBP (r = –0.22, P = 0.04); it was also true for DBP and MAP (r = –0.24, P = 0.03, r = –0.24, P = 0.01), respectively. Conclusion: A low vitamin D is negatively associated with blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients. Vitamin D supplementation can improve blood pressure along with glycemic parameter.