Clinical Profile and Management of Hyponatremia among Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study

ABSTRACT

Background: Hyponatremia is one of the most common laboratory dispute which may occur in many clinical conditions. Hyponatremia complication may include significant co-morbidities like heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome in addition to diuretic use.Material & Methods:This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted at the department of Medicine in Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College. The study was conducted during the period ofJanuary 2019- April 2022. The total sample size for this study was 94.Results:Most patients 24(25.5%) were aged between 41-50 years and followed by 5(5.3%) were aged 11-20 years. Most of the respondents 65(69%) were female and 29(31%) were male. Most of the respondents 49(52.1%) were housewife. Diarrhoea was seen in 50(53.2%) cases and followed by vomiting in 27(28.7%), nausea in 15(16%), general weakness in 10(10.6%), anorexia in 41(43.6%). HTN&BA, DM, CKD in 6(6.4%), severe pre eclampsia in 3(3.2%), chronic kidney disease in 2(2.1%), COPD in 2(2.1%). Hyponatremia was found mild in 68(72.3%) cases, moderate in 24(25.5%) cases and severe in 2(2.1%) cases and followed by Hypokalaemia (K+ <3.6 mmol/l) was found in 59(62.8%), normal K+ level in 31(33%) cases and mild-moderate hyperkalaemia in 3(3.2%) cases. Hypochloridaemia (Cl– <96 mmol/l) was found in 62(66%), normal Cl– level in 29(30.9%) cases andhyperchloridaemia in 3(3.2%) cases. Tab. Nacl was prescribed to 67(71.3%) patients, normal saline to 79(84%), Hypertonic saline (3% Nacl saline) to 5(5.3%), Cholera Saline to 3(3.2%) and others suggestion along with prescribed medicine was given to 94(100%) patients.Conclusions:Hyponatremia is one of the common electrolyte abnormalities which can be seen among hospitalized patients. It is mostly seen in elderly and critically ill patients who are admitted to the ICU.