Predictors of Bleeding after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

ABSTRACT

Background: Acute coronary syndrome patient outcomes have been improved using early invasive techniques. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, location, and severity of bleeding in PCI-treated cases to identify patient risk profiles and increased bleeding occurrences. Methods: This prospective observational study evaluated percutaneous coronary angiography in 80 patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus who planned to undergo primary or elective PCI. The cases were separated into 2 groups; those who reported bleeding (n=11) and those who did not (n=69). All patients underwent physical examination, laboratory evaluation, 12-lead electrocardiography, and PCI. Results: In univariate regression analysis, age (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.009 – 1.192), female gender (OR 4.32, 95% CI 1.157 – 16.131), history of peripheral arterial disease (OR 7.31, 95% CI 1.585 – 33.742), and femoral site of vascular access (OR 9.6, 95% CI 2.263 – 40.721) were independent predictors of major bleeding after PCI. In multivariate regression analysis, age (OR 1.12, 95% CI1.014 – 1.269), female gender (OR 13.75, 95% CI 1.983 – 161.2), history of peripheral arterial disease (OR 43.38, 95% CI 3.754 - 1042) and femoral site of vascular access (OR 13.29, 95% CI 2.233 – 128.5) were independent predictors of major bleeding after PCI. Conclusions: Patients who reported bleeding after PCI had a significantly higher age, prevalence of female sex, serum creatinine, and transfemoral intervention before and after intervention compared to patients who did not report bleeding, while haemoglobin and transradial intervention before and after intervention were significantly lower in the bleeding cases than in the non-bleeding cases.