Nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of rubella virus in clinical specimens.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Rubella virus (RV) is one of the leading causes of childhood blindness in India. In this study we applied an optimized nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) to detect RV in clinical specimens. METHODS: nRT-PCR was optimized using total RNA extracted from standard strain of RV using nested sets of primers specific for E1 open reading frame. nRT-PCR was applied onto 30 lens aspirates and corresponding peripheral blood leucocytes of 30 infants with congenital (29)/ developmental (01) cataract. Serology for anti-RV IgG and IgM antibodies was done. RV isolation was attempted using Vero and SIRC cell cultures. RESULTS: Optimized nRT-PCR was specific for RV and sensitive to detect 10 fg of RV RNA. Among 30 patients, nRT-PCR detected presence of RV in lens aspirates of 6 (20%) and 4 corresponding leucocytes. RV was isolated from 3 (10%) lens aspirates (nRT-PCR positive) of the 30 patients. Sera of these 6 patients showed presence of anti-RV IgG and IgM in one, only anti-RV IgG in 3 others and none in the other two. Of the remaining 24 patients, anti-RV IgG was detected in 3 and no anti-RV IgM antibodies in others. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Findings of our study showed that the nRT-PCR was a more sensitive and rapid technique to detect RV from lens aspirates compared to conventional methods of virus isolation and serology.