Epidemiology and etiology of fractures in children and adolescents

Fractures in children and adolescents are a significant public health concern. The incidence of fractures varies based on age, sex, and anatomical site, with falls, sports-related injuries, motor vehicle accidents, child abuse, and pathological conditions identified as primary causes. Risk factors such as age, sex, physical activity, bone mineral density, body composition, and genetic factors contribute to fracture occurrence. Preventive measures targeting modifiable risk factors and promoting safety in physical activities are crucial for reducing the burden of fractures in children and adolescents. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology and etiology of fractures in children and adolescents. Understanding the epidemiological patterns and etiological factors can guide the development of effective prevention strategies and optimize fracture management in this population.