Microbial and heavy metal contamination of treated hospital wastewater in Thailand.
Artigo
em Inglês
| IMSEAR
| ID: sea-44919
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES:
To determine the microbial and heavy metal contamination of treated hospital wastewater MATERIAL ANDMETHOD:
Methods of treating wastewater were acquired by questionnaires. Chlorine concentration, pH, bacteria and parasites in treated wastewater were tested in the individual hospitals. Heavy metal concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.RESULTS:
In 2002, 72 hospitals were included in the present study. The common methods of treating wastewater were activated sludge and oxidation ditch. Bacteria exceeded standard numbers, pathogenic bacteria and parasites were found in two-thirds of the hospitals. Heavy metals, namely lead, chromium and cadmium, in the hospital effluent did not exceed standard concentrations.CONCLUSION:
Micro-organisms exceeding standard levels were found in treated wastewater in two-thirds of the hospitals. Lead, chromium and cadmium levels in hospital effluent were in an acceptable range.
Texto completo:
DisponíveL
Índice:
IMSEAR (Sudeste Asiático)
Assunto principal:
Parasitos
/
Tailândia
/
Bactérias
/
Microbiologia da Água
/
Poluentes Químicos da Água
/
Humanos
/
Cádmio
/
Água
/
Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos
/
Cromo
Tipo de estudo:
Estudo de etiologia
/
Fatores de risco
País/Região como assunto:
Ásia
Idioma:
Inglês
Ano de publicação:
2005
Tipo de documento:
Artigo
Similares
MEDLINE
...
LILACS
LIS