Placental pathology in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) with or without intrauterine growth retardation.

ABSTRACT

The foetus, placenta and mother form a composite triad of dynamic equilibrium, and dysfunction of any one of them can affect the others. The aim of the present study was to appreciate qualitatively and to assess quantitatively the pathological features of placentas associated with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) with and without intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) & also IUGR placentas without PIH and to compare them with the normal placentas and to evolve plausible explanation for the outcomes of PIH and IUGR. The study evaluated 40, 51, 58 placentas of PIH with IUGR (category I), PIH without IUGR (category II), IUGR without PIH (category III) respectively and compared them with 118 normal placentas. The basic conclusions of the study were that PIH is common among primigravida and probably the main factor in the genesis of IUGR and reduced placental weight. There was a high prevalence of inflammation, infarction, ischemia, intervillous hemorrhage, and syncytial knots in PIH with IUGR placentas as also in PIH without IUGR (category II) and IUGR without PIH (category III) placentas. Acute atherosis was a characteristic finding of PIH placentas (both category I & II).