Tuberculosis in children--what has changed in last 20 years?
Artigo
em Inglês
| IMSEAR
| ID: sea-83799
ABSTRACT
Several changes have been observed in the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities and treatment of tuberculosis. Emergence of HIV epidemic and drug resistance have posed significant challenges. With increase in number of diseased adults and spread of HIV infection, the infection rates in children are likely to increase. It is estimated that in developing countries the annual risk of tuberculosis infection in children is 2.5%. Nearly 8-20% of the deaths caused by tuberculosis occur in children. Lymph node tuberculosis has increased over last two decades. HIV infected children are at an increased risk of tuberculosis, particularly disseminated disease. In last two decades drug resistant tuberculosis has increased gradually. The rates of drug resistance to any drug varied from 20% to 80% in different geographic regions. Various diagnostic techniques such as improved culture techniques, serodiagnosis, and nucleic acid amplification have been developed and evaluated to improve diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Serodiagnosis is an attractive investigation but till date none of the tests have desirable sensitivity and specificity. Tests based on nucleic acid amplification are a promising advance. Relatively less experience in children, need for technical expertise and high cost are limiting factors for their use in children with tuberculosis. Short-course chemotherapy for childhood tuberculosis is well established. Treatment with intermittent regimens is comparable to daily regimens. Directly observed treatment strategy have shown encouraging result.
Texto completo:
DisponíveL
Índice:
IMSEAR (Sudeste Asiático)
Assunto principal:
Tuberculose dos Linfonodos
/
Humanos
/
Vacina BCG
/
Criança
/
Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
/
Incidência
/
Prevalência
/
Soropositividade para HIV
/
Infecções por Mycobacterium
/
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tipo de estudo:
Estudo de incidência
/
Estudo de prevalência
/
Estudo prognóstico
Idioma:
Inglês
Ano de publicação:
2002
Tipo de documento:
Artigo
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