The Role of TXNIP in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

ABSTRACT

Thioredoxin⁃interacting protein (TXNIP), also known as vitamin D3 up⁃regulation protein 1, is named for its ability to bind to thioredoxin (TRX) and inhibit its activity and expression. This article summarizes the discovery and structure of TXNIP, and its effect on the development of prediabetes by regulating the metabolism of glucose and lipid. On this basis, two main pathways of TXNIP participating in the development of diabetes are summarized TXNIP induces apoptosis of islet cells by antagonizing the anti⁃apoptosis effect of TRX; Over⁃expression of TXNIP promotes the phosphorylation of islet cells and increases the expression of tumor suppressor⁃related protein, which leads to the senescence of islet cells. The role of TXNIP in diabetic complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy is emphasized. TXNIP can further participate in physiological and biochemical processes such as oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, glucose and lipid metabolism and activation of inflammation through various indirect pathways. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of TXNIP in diabetes mellitus and its complications. Finally, the potential application of TXNIP in diabetes was discussed. Methylation of single TXNIP gene cannot fully reveal the molecular mechanism of diabetes and its complications. In the future, we can study how TXNIP gene interacts with other genes or risk factors, and participates in the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications. These in⁃depth studies will lay a foundation for the application of target molecules in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and its complications.