Type 2 inflammation in children and advances in its biotherapy / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

ABSTRACT

Type 2 immunity involves Th2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells(ILC2), and type 2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13.Invasion by allergens or harmful substances can cause an excessive type 2 immune response, resulting in type 2 inflammation characterized by the increase in type 2 cytokines, eosinophils, and serum total IgE/specific IgE.Type 2 cytokines are the core of type 2 inflammation, of which production and secretion involve Th2 cells and ILC2.Disruption of barrier function can activate type 2 inflammation and contribute to the vicious cycle.Type 2 inflammation is a common pathophysiological mechanism in many diseases, especially allergic diseases.Type 2 inflammatory disease in children mostly affects the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract.Multiple type 2 inflammatory diseases often co-exist, increasing the disease burden in children.With deepening research on the mechanism of type 2 inflammation, the biotherapy has gained more and more attention.This paper focused on the mechanism, identification and biologics of type 2 inflammation in order to improve clinicians′ understanding of type 2 inflammatory diseases in children.