The Role of the Calcium and the Voltage Clocks in Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction
Yonsei Medical Journal
;
: 211-219, 2011.
Artigo
em Inglês
| WPRIM
| ID: wpr-110482
ABSTRACT
Recent evidence indicates that the voltage clock (cyclic activation and deactivation of membrane ion channels) and Ca2+ clocks (rhythmic spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release) jointly regulate sinoatrial node (SAN) automaticity. However, the relative importance of the voltage clock and Ca2+ clock for pacemaking was not revealed in sick sinus syndrome. Previously, we mapped the intracellular calcium (Cai) and membrane potentials of the normal intact SAN simultaneously using optical mapping in Langendorff-perfused canine right atrium. We demonstrated that the sinus rate increased and the leading pacemaker shifted to the superior SAN with robust late diastolic Cai elevation (LDCAE) during beta-adrenergic stimulation. We also showed that the LDCAE was caused by spontaneous diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release and was closely related to heart rate changes. In contrast, in pacing induced canine atrial fibrillation and SAN dysfunction models, Ca2+ clock of SAN was unresponsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation and caffeine. Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) in SAN was down-regulated. Using the prolonged low dose isoproterenol together with funny current block, we produced a tachybradycardia model. In this model, chronically elevated sympathetic tone results in abnormal pacemaking hierarchy in the right atrium, including suppression of the superior SAN and enhanced pacemaking from ectopic sites. Finally, if the LDCAE was too small to trigger an action potential, then it induced only delayed afterdepolarization (DAD)-like diastolic depolarization (DD). The failure of DAD-like DD to consistently trigger a sinus beat is a novel mechanism of atrial arrhythmogenesis. We conclude that dysfunction of both the Ca2+ clock and the voltage clock are important in sick sinus syndrome.
Texto completo:
DisponíveL
Índice:
WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental)
Assunto principal:
Arritmia Sinusal
/
Fibrilação Atrial
/
Síndrome do Nó Sinusal
/
Nó Sinoatrial
/
Bradicardia
/
Canais de Cálcio
/
Cálcio
Tipo de estudo:
Estudo prognóstico
Limite:
Animais
/
Humanos
Idioma:
Inglês
Revista:
Yonsei Medical Journal
Ano de publicação:
2011
Tipo de documento:
Artigo
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