Basic and Translational Understandings of Microbial Recognition by Toll-Like Receptors in the Intestine
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
;
: 28-34, 2011.
Artigo
em Inglês
| WPRIM
| ID: wpr-111707
ABSTRACT
Microbial recognition by multicellular organisms is initially accomplished by a group of pattern recognition receptors which are specialized to recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide, bacterial lipoprotein, CpG DNA motif, double strand RNA and flagellin. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the representative pattern recognition receptors, and microbial recognition by TLRs elicits innate and inflammatory responses. Ten TLR family members have been presently identified in human genome, and numerous studies discovered that intracellular responses from MAMPs-TLR engagements are mediated by a participation of at least 4 immediate adaptor molecules such as myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MyD88), MyD88 adaptor-like (Mal) (also known as Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein [TIRAP]), Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF) and TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM) leading to activate transcription factors including nuclear factor kappaB, activator protein-1 and interferon-regulatory factors. Given that large amounts of commensal microbiota constantly reside in the intestinal lumen, enteric microbial recognition by TLRs at the intestinal epithelium provides a critical impact on regulating intestinal homeostasis. Indeed, aberrant TLR4 and TLR5 activations are etiologically associated with the development and progress of intestinal inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease and necrotizing enterocolitis. In this review article, we present the molecular mechanism by which TLRs elicit intracellular signal transduction, and summarize the physiological relevance of TLRs related to the gastrointestinal tract.
Texto completo:
DisponíveL
Índice:
WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental)
Assunto principal:
Fatores de Transcrição
/
RNA
/
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais
/
Transdução de Sinais
/
Genoma Humano
/
Interferon beta
/
Fator de Transcrição AP-1
/
Enterocolite Necrosante
/
Trato Gastrointestinal
/
Receptores de Reconhecimento de Padrão
Tipo de estudo:
Estudo prognóstico
Limite:
Humanos
Idioma:
Inglês
Revista:
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
Ano de publicação:
2011
Tipo de documento:
Artigo
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