Complications of Injectable Soft Tissue Filler

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue fillers have been used widely in recent years. As the use of filler increases, many complications have arisen. The complications should be prevented and if it occurs effective treatments are necessary to achieve a satisfying aesthetic result. In this article, we discuss the commonly used soft tissue filler and their complications. METHODS: We divided the soft tissue filler into three groups according to its origin. The possible complications and management according to the kind of filler were reviewed. RESULTS: Soft tissue fillers can be divided into autologous, biologic, and synthetic groups. Local reaction in the injection site is a common and minimal complication. Misplacement, allergic reaction, infection, and delayed granulomatous reaction can occur. Skin necrosis and visual impairment can occur. It is desirable to have proficiency of basic injection techniques such as aspiration before injection, injection with needle withdrawal, slow injection of small amount, using the blunt-tipped microcannula, pinching and tenting. CONCLUSIONS: Soft tissue filler is a simple and safe material to soft tissue augmentation. Clinicians should know about the property and complications of the commonly used fillers. Also clinicians should be well aware of preventing and treating the complications.