The Relationship between Rainfall and Traffic Accident Patients in Busan

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Traffic accidents are increasing due to the development and increment of transportation. Previous studies on analysis of the correlation between environmental factors and traffic accidents have rarely been reported. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between rainfall and traffic accidents including accident mechanism, incidence, and trauma severity of patients. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted in 851 trauma patients who visited the emergency department (ED) after a traffic accident from January 2013 to December 2013; 248 patients due to a traffic accident when it was raining, and 603 patients when it was not raining. Demographic data, clinical data, and meteorological data (rainfall, daily mean air temperature, daily mean wind speed) in Busan were investigated. RESULTS: The incidence of traffic accidents was one-second and the injury severity score of patients was two points higher on rainy days. In addition, the length of hospital stay was three days longer (p=0.037), and the prognosis was poor in the rain group. Comparison of severe injury sustained over rain, injury time, and accident mechanism showed approximately a 3-fold odds increased rate of severe injury on rainy days (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.11-5.83, p=0.004) and a seven-fold odds increased rate of pedestrian traffic accidents (OR 7.26, 95% CI 3.52-9.26, p<0.001) compared with car traffic accidents. In addition, a four-fold increased odds of night time (OR 3.79, 95% CI 1.98-7.25, p<0.001) compared with day time accidents on rainy days. CONCLUSION: The incidence of traffic accidents and injury severity of patients increased on rainy days. Therefore, we suggest expansion of the scope of the emergency and trauma team activation for proper treatment on rainy days.