Risk Factors for Urinary Stone Formation in Male Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A 17-Year Follow-Up Study / 대한비뇨기과학회지

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study was initiated to establish the hazard ratios for risk of urinary stone formation in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 140 male patients who were injured before 1987 were eligible for this investigation and they were followed up on a yearly basis from January 1987 and December 2003. RESULTS: Over the 17 years, 39 patients (27.9%) and 21 patients (15.0%) were diagnosed with bladder and renal stones for a total of 59 and 25 episodes, respectively. On multivariate analysis, bladder stone was more common for the patients who were injured at 24 years old or older than is was for those patients who were injured at less than 24 years old (odds ratio [OR] 2.490; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.092-5.677; p=0.030). In another model, the patients with complete injury had a greater risk of renal stone formation than those with incomplete injury (OR 4.095; 95% CI 1.295-12.944; p=0.016). We also found that renal stone was more common for the patients with urethral catheterization (UC) than for the patients who could spontaneous void (OR 5.668; 95% CI 1.306-24.604; p=0.021), and for patients with bladder stone than for those without bladder stone (OR 4.678; 95% CI 1.447-15.126; p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Injury characteristics are important for the development of urinary stone in chronic traumatic SCI patients. In addition, our findings suggest that for the cases who cannot undergo intermittent catheterization or when the bladder cannot empty spontaneously, suprapubic cystostomy is better than UC is regards to renal stone formation in this population.