Astaxanthin for Complementary and Alternative Medicine / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

ABSTRACT

Astaxanthin (AX) is a red carotenoid widely distributed in nature and possesses excellent antioxidant activity by quenching singlet oxygen and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Recently, numerous biological activities of AX are reported. AX has been used for health supplements and cosmetics and is receiving increasing attention for complementary and alternative medicine. In this paper, we would like to clarify aspects of AX by presenting the origin, chemical properties, comparison with other carotenoids. Furthermore, we report the results of <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in vivo</i> analysis and clinical studies related to anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-inflammatory effects, blood flow improvement, effects on metabolic syndrome, anti-eye fatigue, effects on Helicobacter pylori, improved lipid metabolism, muscle endurance, effects on skin health, male infertility, pharmacokinetics, and safety.<br>