Effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on intestinal ischemiareperfusion injury and lymphatic duct ligation / 中华临床营养杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the effect of intestinal lymphatic duct ligation and ω-3 polyun saturated fatty acids on intestinal and distant organ in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (SPF grade)after gastrostomy were equally randomized into sham group (Sham), enteral nutrition (EN) group, enteral nutrition and lymphatic duct ligation (EN + L) group, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFA) group, and ω-3PUFA and lymphatic duct ligation (ω-3PUFA + L) group. After 7 days of nutritional intervention, rats were subjected to 60 minutes of intestinal ischemia, ischemia plus mesenteric lymph duct ligation, or sham procedures. After 3 days of continuous nutrition intervention using the original nutrient, lymph nodes, lung, intestine, liver, and blood specimens were harvested. Intestinal permeability and morphology, results of bacterial cultures, and serum cytokines were observed or detected. Result After 3 days of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), the body weights of rats in EN group significantly decreased when com pared with the pre-I/R levels (P ＜ 0.05), while the body weights of rats in EN + L group were significantly lower than those in ω-PUFA group and ω-PUFA + L group (P ＜ 0. 05). After one day of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), the L/M significantly increased in each group (P ＜0.05 or P ＜0. 01). After 3 days of intestinal ischemiareperfusion (I/R) , the L/M were significantly lower than the level one day after ischemia- reperfusion in EN + L group, ω-PUFA group, and ω-PUFA + L group (P ＜ 0.05). The L/M in EN group and EN + L group were significantly higher than that in ω-PUFA + L group (P ＜ 0. 05). The mucosa thickness and villus height of jejunum in ω-PUFA group and ω-PUFA + L group were significantly higher than those in Sham group, EN group, and EN + L group (P ＜ 0. 01 or P ＜ 0. 05). The mucosa thickness and villus height of ileum in ω-PUFA group and ω-PUFA +L group were also significantly higher than those in EN group (P ＜ 0.05). In ω-PUFA + L group, the serum endotoxin level and tumor necrosis factor-α level were significantly lower than those in EN group (P ＜ 0.05), interleukin (IL) -6 level was significantly lower than that in the ω-PUFA group (P ＜ 0.05), and IL-1 β level was significantly lower than those in other groups (P ＜ 0. 05). In EN group, the lung cell apoptosis index was significantly higher than those in other groups (P ＜ 0.05)and the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were significantly higher than those in ω-PUFA + L group (P ＜ 0. 05). The level of iNOS was also significantly higher in EN + L group than that in ω-PUFA + L group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Sixty minutes of intestinal ischemia can cause intestinal injury, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and increased permeability of intestine. After 72 h of reperfusion, the intestinal injury can be partially recovered and the permeability can be lower than the post-ischemia level; however, bacterial endotoxin translocation and lung apoptotic cells still exist. Intestinal lymphatic ligation can alleviate the lung damage, promote repair of intestinal mucosa, reduce endotoxin translocation, and attenuate the systemic inflammatory response. EN added with ω-3PUFA is remarkably superior to conventional EN.