Molecular basis of glucose metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells / 中国肿瘤临床

ABSTRACT

Cancer metabolic reprogramming is among the basic characteristics of cancer cells. Changes in glucose metabolism are essential for carcinogenesis and cancer development. Previous study indicated that energy is acquired mainly via glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of sufficient oxygen levels to promote the rapid proliferation of cells, such as cancer cells. This phenomenon is called theWarburg effect.Furthermore, this unique approach of energy production in cancer cells has been validated in various types of cancer cells. On the basis of the characteristics of cancer cells with high glucose uptake and utilization, cli-nicians and medical practitioners extensively apply 18-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in clinical diagnosis. Tumor cells undergo aerobic glycolysis to produce energy, but this metabolic pathway is poorly efficient;the molecular basis of aerobic glycol-ysis and the reason for these cells to undergo this metabolic pathway also remain unclear. In this article, glycolysis-related processes, in-cluding enzyme, oncogene, and oncometabolite regulation, in cancer cells are summarized.