Three-dimensional modeling of human hands based on hand anatomical structures / 中国组织工程研究

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:The anatomic structures and kinetic characteristics are the bases to establish hand model, and the kinetic characteristics of hand are determined by the anatomic structure. So, numerous scholars have paid close attention to virtual hand models based on the anatomic structures of hand.OBJECTIVE: To construct visible hand model based on anatomic structure.DESIGN: Single sample trial.SETTING: Center Laboratory, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS This trial was carried out in the Center Laboratory, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in October 2003. Two fresh adult hands, which involved wrist joint, provided by the Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, were employed. The two hands had no organic damage by naked observation.METHODS: The specimens were embedded and mill-cut (mill-cut layer thinness 0.2 mm). Cannon (ESO 1OD) digital camera (6.3 million pixel) was used for image collection. Each image was 31.5 MB, Data of 1 200 images were obtained.Adobe Photoshop 7.0 software was used for image treatment and then two-dimensional cross-section images were collected. The bone, flexor tendon and the outline of hand was three-dimensionally reconstructed by using the software,which was developed by the Department of Computer Science and Technology,Tsinghua University and Institute of Computer Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three-dimensional reconstruction of the bone, flexor tendon and outline of hand.RESULTS: ①The outline of hand After being reconstructed, the outline, which consisted of all fingers and nails, was well displayed, and observed from many directions.② Three-dimensional reconstruction of the bone of hand The reconstructed bones of hands involved digital bones, metacarpal bones, carpal bones and all joints, and they could be displayed solely or in groups with other reconstructed structures.③ Three-dimensional reconstruction of the flexor tendons of handFour superficial flexor tendons, four deep flexor tendons and one flexor pollex Iongus muscle tendon could be seen from the reconstructed images. All the flexor tendons went out together from the carpal canal and went through the palm, then spread out in fan-shape along the direction of each finger. ④ Three-dimensional reconstruction of the metacarpal fascial spaces It could be observed from the reconstructed three-dimensional models that the proximal end of the thenar space was close, its distal end was open to the 1st web space, and the proximal end of the midpalmar fascial space was open to the posterior space of antebrachial flexor by carpal canal. Its distal end had three little spaces, which were open to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th web space, respectively.CONCLUSION: The visible hand model, which is preliminarily established, can precisely show the main anatomic structure of palm.