Antifungal Effect of Malaysian Neem Leaf Extract on Selected Fungal Species Causing Otomycosis in In-Vitro Culture Medium

ABSTRACT

Azadirachta indica (neem) has been used for a long time in agricultural and alternative medicine. Neem had been proved effective against certain fungi that could infect human body. This pilot study aims to demonstrate the antifungal effect of Malaysian neem leaf extracts on the pathogenic fungi in otomycosis, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. This is a laboratory-controlled prospective study conducted at Universiti Sains Malaysia. The powder form of Malaysian neem leaf was prepared. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of the neem leaf was diluted with sterile water to establish five different concentrations of 50 g/ ml, 25 g/ml, 12.5 g/ml, 6.25 g/ml and 3.125g/ml. The extract was tested on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar suspended with Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger respectively. Well diffusion method was used and zone of inhibition was measured. Growth of the fungi was inhibited in both alcohol and aqueous extract concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Malaysian neem aqueous extract against Candida albicans was 11.91 g/ml, neem ethanol extract against Candida albicans was 5.16 g/ ml, neem aqueous extract against Aspergillus niger was 7.73 g/ml and neem ethanol extract against Aspergillus niger was 9.25 g/ml. Statistical analysis showed that the antifungal activity of Candida albicans is better in alcohol neem than aqueous extract (p<0.001) but aqueous neem extract is better than alcohol extract (p<0.001) for Aspergillus niger.Malaysian neem has significant antifungal effect towards Aspergillus niger, best in aqueous extract and towards Candida albicans, was best in alcohol extract.