Characterization of bioactive compound from actinomycetes for antibiofilm activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria

ABSTRACT

Aims: Biofilm is an assemblage of microorganisms enclosed in a matrix of extracellular materials, such as, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), and relates to bacterial virulence, pathogenesis, and environmental survival. Bacteria inside biofilm are more resistant to conventional antibiotics and the host immune system. Non-biocidal antibiofilm compounds have been developed to address this problem. Specifically, actinomycetes have known to produce many metabolite compounds that have useful application in medicine and biotechnology. The study aimed to characterize bioactive compounds from actinomycetes crude extract that have capability as a multispecies antibiofilm agent. Methodology and results: In this study, none of the isolates had shown any antimicrobial activity. Based on the antibiofilm assay, most of the isolates have the capability to inhibit and to destroy biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria at a 5% and 10% dosage. The crude extracts showing the highest activity for antibiofilm inhibition were extracted from Streptomyces sp. The characterization of the bioactive compounds showed that different components of a particular isolate responsible for its antibiofilm activity against pathogenic bacteria. The SW19 isolate had a nucleic acid, KP12 isolate had a combination of the three component (polysaccharide, protein, and nucleic acid), and CW17 isolate had a combination of polysaccharide and nucleic acid as the active compound for antibiofilm activity. Conclusion, significance and impact study Thus, the bioactive crude extracts from actinomycetes has high potential to be used in treating biofilm-related infection and further research is needed to purify the bioactive compound from the crude extract which has antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.